A potential turning point for Bolivia’s biodiversity conservation

Bolivia ranks among the world’s most biologically diverse countries, and spans ecosystems that range from the Amazon rainforest to the Andes, Cerrado, Chaco and Chiquitano forests. This extraordinary mosaic harbours exceptional species, habitat and ecosystem diversity. Yet Bolivia’s biodiversity now stands at a critical juncture. Over the past two decades, accelerating deforestation, infrastructure expansion, agribusiness, illegal mining and wildlife trade have driven many ecosystems towards collapse3,4, which has had far-reaching consequences for human well-being, Indigenous livelihoods and climate resilience. The change of government following the 19 October 2025 general elections marks a political turning point and a historic opportunity to redefine Bolivia’s environmental trajectory.